Written by Lauren Perl, Social Media & Marketing Volunteer
May is International Drum Month: a month for us to celebrate percussion and the joy it brings to people. Many are unaware of the extensive and fascinating history of drums, including the variety of functions they have, where they originated, and how they have evolved. Here at Minds Beyond Measure, we embrace the drum’s potential to foster emotional intelligence and build confidence in our R4L program, so we wanted to spread our knowledge by providing a brief introduction to the history of drumming!
Origins of the Drum
Even in the earliest of times, people’s desire for rhythm manifested itself in simply stomping on the ground, which evolved into the drums that we know today. The first drums were invented in 5500 BC. They were made of alligator skin, and they originated from China but later spread to all of Asia. From 1000-500 BC, African people also discovered drums as a means of communication. Then, drums spread to Rome and Greece between 200-150 BC, and to America through the slave trade in 1500 AD. In ancient civilizations, drums were important for ceremonies, rituals, and communication. Early drums were made of a hollow tree trunk and were covered at one end with reptile skin. This was followed by the double headed drum, as well as pottery drums.
Diversity of Drums
As civilizations advanced, drum-making techniques began to advance and diversify. The djembe from West Africa had a goblet shape and a goat skin head. In Asia, Japanese taiko drums and the India tabla drums sang intricate rhythms. Additionally, shallow kettle drums were first created in Persia, and spread with Islamic culture in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Functions of Drums
In several societies, drums have been used as a means of communication, spreading messages across large distances. For example, the talking drums of West Africa were used to convey messages through drum language, which enabled communities to spread news and coordinate activities. Additionally, drums are sacred for many cultures. The Native American tribes’ powwow drums are viewed as both a musical instrument and a spiritual guardian. Drums are also used in celebrations, such as the samba drums, which are often used in Brazilian carnivals, and dhol drums, which are often used in Indian weddings. Finally, drums are renowned for their therapeutic abilities, promoting healing and well-being in several cultures. Drum circles, where people are involved in synchronized drumming, have been known to reduce stress, enhance emotional expression, and foster a sense of community.
Rhythm is, and always has been, a powerful tool for many different purposes. Different cultures have different ways of integrating drumming into their lives, but we can all agree that they are more than just an instrument. The next time you hear the beating of a drum, listen closely. Listen for a story that is being conveyed, a tradition that is being upheld, or the communities that are being united.
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